Njengoko ubushushu behlobo buphela kwaye umoya uguquka ube shushu, umnqweno wokulindela uzalisa iintliziyo zezigidi kwihlabathi liphela. Kuluntu lwaseTshayina kunye nabathandi benkcubeko kwihlabathi liphela, eli xesha lonyaka liphawula ukufika koMnyhadala weMid-Autumn—iholide ezele yimbali, uphawu, kunye nomnqweno wehlabathi jikelele wokunxibelelana. Ekwaziwa ngokuba yiMoon Festival okanye iZhongqiu Jie ngesiMandarin, iwa ngomhla we-15 wenyanga yesibhozo yenyanga, xa inyanga ikholelwa ukuba ikwindawo yayo ejikelezileyo, ekhanyayo, kwaye ikhanya kakhulu. Esi siganeko sasezulwini sisebenza njengesifaniso esinamandla sokuphelela, ukudibana kwakhona kosapho, kunye nobudlelwane obuhlala buhleli obudlula umgama. Ngaphezu kosuku nje lokuphumla, uMnyhadala weMid-Autumn sisithethe esiphilayo, esidibanisa iintsomi zamandulo, iingcambu zezolimo, kunye nemibhiyozo yanamhlanje ibe yi-tapestry ehlonipha ixesha elidlulileyo ngelixa yamkela okwangoku.
Imvelaphi: Iintsomi, Isivuno, kunye neengcambu zamandulo
Imvelaphi yoMnyhadala weMid-Autumn ibuyela umva kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-3,000, isekelwe kwimikhwa yezolimo esebenzayo kunye neentsomi ezicacileyo. Imizila yayo yokuqala ingafunyanwa kwiShang Dynasty (1600–1046 BCE), xa uluntu lwamandulo lwaseTshayina lwalusenza imibhiyozo yokunqula inyanga. Ngokungafaniyo neendibano zemibhiyozo zanamhlanje, ezi zithethe zokuqala zazizizinto ezibalulekileyo, zigxile ekubuleleni uthixo wenyanga ngesivuno esikhulu. Abalimi babekholelwa ukuba imijikelo yenyanga yayichaphazela ukukhula kwezityalo—ukukhanya kwayo okuthambileyo kukhokela ukunkcenkceshela ebusuku kunye nezigaba zayo ezibonisa ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyala nokuvuna. Ukuhlonipha inyanga kwakungengomsebenzi wokomoya nje kuphela kodwa yindlela yokuqinisekisa ukuchuma kwexesha elizayo, okwenza lo mnyhadala unamathele kakhulu kwizandi zendalo.
Njengoko ixesha lihamba, la masiko ezolimo adibana neentsomi kunye neentsomi, nto leyo eyanika umnyhadala ubume bawo obutyebileyo bebali. Eyona ntsomi idumileyo yibali likaChang'e, uthixokazi weNyanga, ibali eliye ladluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kwaye lihlala liphambili kwimibhiyozo yaseMid-Autumn namhlanje. Ngokwentsomi, uChang'e wayengumfazi kaHou Yi, umdubuli onobuchule. Kumaxesha amandulo, ilanga ezilishumi laliphuma kunye esibhakabhakeni, litshisa umhlaba kwaye lisongela uluntu ngembalela. UHou Yi wadubula ilanga elisithoba, wasindisa ihlabathi, waza wavuzwa ngeyeza lokungafi. Wanika uChang'e eliyeza ukuze aligcine, emyalela ukuba angaliseli. Nangona kunjalo, umhlobo kaHou Yi onyolukileyo wazama ukuliba eliyeza ngelixa wayengekho. Ukuze alikhusele, uChang'e wasela eliyeza waza wadada waya enyangeni, apho ebehlala khona ukususela ngoko, ehamba nomvundla wejade kuphela. Minyaka le kwiMthendeleko yaseMbindini woKwindla, abantu bajonga phezulu enyangeni, benethemba lokubona uChang'e nomvundla wakhe, baze bathumele iminqweno yabo yokuhlangana kwakhona nolonwabo kubantu ababathandayo abakufutshane nakude.
Omnye umntu obalulekileyo kwimbali yaseMid-Autumn nguWu Gang, umgawuli weenkuni owohlwaywa ngoothixo ukuba agawule umthi we-osmanthus ongafiyo enyangeni. Nokuba usika kangakanani na, umthi uyaziphilisa ngobusuku obunye, umgwebela umsebenzi ongunaphakade. Umthi we-osmanthus ukususela ngoko ube luphawu lomnyhadala—iintyatyambo zawo ezinevumba elimnandi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiidizethi zesintu kunye neeti, kunye nomfanekiso wawo ohombisa izibane kunye nemihombiso. Xa zidibene, amabali kaChang'e noWu Gang ongeza ubunzulu kunye nomlingo kumnyhadala, eguqula umnyhadala wokuvuna olula ube yinto yenkcubeko etyebileyo ngeemvakalelo kunye nentsingiselo.
Ukuguquka koMthendeleko: Ukusuka kwiMithendeleko yoBukhosi ukuya kwiMibhiyozo yeHlabathi
Nangona iingcambu zoMnyhadala weMid-Autumn zindala, uhlobo lwawo lwanamhlanje luye lwaguquka kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, lubunjwe lutshintsho lwasebukhosini, utshintsho lwentlalo, kunye nokutshintshiselana ngenkcubeko. Ngexesha leTang Dynasty (618–907 CE), lo mnyhadala waqala ukuba ngumlinganiswa wemibhiyozo ngakumbi. Iintsapho zasebukhosini zazibamba imibhiyozo emikhulu phantsi kwenyanga, apho iimbongi zaziqamba iivesi zidumisa ubuhle benyanga, kwaye abaculi badlala iingoma zemveli. Abantu abaqhelekileyo nabo bajoyina, behlanganisana nosapho ukuze babelane ngokutya, babhabha izibane, kwaye bancome inyanga. Kwakungeli xesha apho ii-mooncakes—ngoku zizinto ezidumileyo zomnyhadala—zaqala ukunxulunyaniswa nombhiyozo, nangona ekuqaleni zazizii-pastries ezilula ezizaliswe ziimbotyi ezimnandi okanye i-lotus seed paste.
I-Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE) yaphawula utshintsho olukhulu kwiMid-Autumn Festival, njengoko yaba yiholide esemthethweni. Ukuthandwa kwee-mooncakes kwanda, kwaye zaqala ukwenziwa ngeemilo kunye neencasa ezintsonkothileyo, zihlala ziphawulwe ngemizobo yenyanga, iChang'e, okanye iintyatyambo ze-osmanthus. Izibane nazo zaba yinxalenye ephambili yemibhiyozo—zenziwe ngobuchule kwiimilo zezilwanyana, iintyatyambo, kunye nezidalwa zasentsomini, zazikhanyiswa kwaye zithwalwa ezitalatweni, ziguqula ubusuku bube lulwandle lokukhanya. Eli xesha likwabone ukwanda “kwamaqela okubukela inyanga,” apho izazi kunye nabaculi babehlanganisana emiyezweni, basele iwayini, kwaye baxoxe ngefilosofi ngelixa bejonge inyanga. Ezi ndibano zanceda ekuqiniseni udumo lomnyhadala njengexesha lokucamngca, ubuchule, kunye nokutshintshiselana ngengqondo.
Ngamaxesha okuzalwa kaMing (1368–1644 CE) kunye noQing (1644–1912 CE), uMnyhadala weMid-Autumn wawusele uthandwa kakhulu kuzo zonke iindidi zentlalo. IiMooncakes zakhula ngakumbi, ngokungeniswa kweengqayi zamaqanda ezinetyuwa embindini—okubonisa inyanga epheleleyo—kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zokuzalisa, kubandakanya iimbotyi ezibomvu, imbewu yelotus, kunye neendlela ezimnandi ezifana neham. Lo mnyhadala waba lixesha lokuphana izipho, njengoko abantu babetshintshiselana ngeeMooncakes kunye neziqhamo nabahlobo, usapho, kunye nabantu abasebenza nabo njengophawu lobubele. Kwezinye iindawo, kwavela amasiko akhethekileyo: kwiPhondo laseGuangdong, umzekelo, abantu babebamba imisitho “yeeLantern Riddles”, apho iiRiddles zazibhalwa khona kwiiLantern, kwaye abo bazisombululayo baphumelele amabhaso amancinci. KwiPhondo laseFujian, iintsapho zazibhabha izibane zesibhakabhaka, zibhala iminqweno yazo kwiiLantern ngaphambi kokuba zikhutshwe ziye esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, apho zazibhabha khona zisiya phezulu njengeenkwenkwezi ezincinci.
Kwinkulungwane yama-20 neyama-21, uMnyhadala weMid-Autumn udlule imvelaphi yawo yaseTshayina waza waba ngumbhiyozo wehlabathi. Njengoko uluntu lwaseTshayina lusasazeka kwihlabathi liphela—ukusuka eSingapore naseMalaysia ukuya eMelika naseYurophu—luzise lo mbhiyozo, luwulungelelanisa neenkcubeko zasekuhlaleni ngelixa lugcina amasiko alo aphambili. Kwizixeko ezifana neNew York, eLondon, naseSydney, imisitho kawonke-wonke yeMid-Autumn ibonisa imidaniso yedragoni, imiboniso yeengonyama, imiboniso yezibane, kunye neendawo zokutya ezithengisa ii-mooncakes kunye nezinye izidlo zaseTshayina. Le mibhiyozo ayihlanganisi nje kuphela uluntu lwaseTshayina kodwa ikwazisa ubuhle kunye nentsingiselo yomnyhadala kubantu bazo zonke iimvelaphi, ikhuthaza ukuqonda kunye noxabiso phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.
Imibhiyozo Yanamhlanje: Ukuhlonipha Isithethe Kwihlabathi Elitshintshayo
Namhlanje, uMnyhadala weMid-Autumn usaqhubeka nexesha lokuhlangana kwakhona kweentsapho, nangona ubomi banamhlanje bongeze utshintsho olutsha kwizithethe zakudala. Kubantu abaninzi, lo mnyhadala uqala ngesidlo sangokuhlwa sentsapho—isidlo sezidlo zemveli ezifana nedada eyosiweyo, inyama yehagu eyosiweyo, kunye neshrimp yamanzi acocekileyo, zonke ezibonisa ubuninzi kunye nokuchuma. Emva kwesidlo sangokuhlwa, iintsapho zihlangana ngaphandle (okanye ngasefestileni, ukuba imozulu ayintle) ukuze zibuke inyanga epheleleyo, rhoqo ngelixa zisitya ii-mooncakes kwaye zisela iwayini okanye iti ye-osmanthus. Ii-mooncakes, ngakumbi, ziye zavela ukuze zivumelane neencasa zanamhlanje: ngelixa iincasa zakudala ezifana nembewu ye-lotus kunye nembotyi ebomvu zisathandwa, ngoku kukho ii-mooncakes "ezintsha" ezizaliswe yitshokholethi, i-ayisikhrim, i-matcha, okanye ne-caramel enetyuwa. Ezinye iivenkile zokubhaka zikwabonelela ngee-mooncakes "ezisempilweni", ezenziwe ngokuzaliswa kweswekile ephantsi okanye ii-crusts zengqolowa epheleleyo, zilungiselela abathengi abaqaphela impilo.
Izibane zezinye iimpawu ezihlala zihleli zalo mnyhadala, nangona uyilo lwazo lutshintshile ngokuhamba kwexesha. Izibane zephepha zemveli, ezidla ngokupeyintwa ngesandla ngemifanekiso evela kwiintsomi zaseTshayina, zisathandwa, kodwa ngoku zabelana ngokukhanya ngezibane ze-LED—ezikhanyayo, ezinemibala, nezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi. Kwezinye izixeko, imiboniso yezibane ezinkulu ibekwa kwiipaki okanye kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, nto leyo etsala izihlwele zeendwendwe. Enye yezona miboniso zidumileyo iseVictoria Park yaseHong Kong, apho amawaka ezibane (kuquka isibane esikhulu esimile njengenyanga) zikhanyisa isibhakabhaka sasebusuku, zidala umoya omangalisayo.
Kwizizukulwana ezincinci, uMnyhadala weMid-Autumn ukwalixesha lokonwaba nokuhlalisana. Uninzi lwabantu abaselula luququzelela “iipati zokubukela inyanga” nabahlobo, apho badlala khona imidlalo, bathathe iifoto ngeelantern, baze babelane ngeemooncakes. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imidiya yoluntu idlale indima kwimibhiyozo yomthendeleko: abantu bathumela iifoto zesidlo sangokuhlwa sosapho lwabo, imiboniso yeelantern, okanye iimooncakes kumaqonga afana neWeChat, Instagram, kunye neTikTok, besabelana ngovuyo lwabo nabahlobo kunye nabalandeli kwihlabathi liphela. Ezinye iimpawu nazo ziye zangena kwi-Mid-Autumn bandwagon, zikhupha iimooncakes ezikhutshwayo okanye zisebenzisana nabaculi ukwenza uyilo lweelantern ezikhethekileyo, bedibanisa isiko kunye nokuthengisa kwanamhlanje.
Nangona ezi ndlela zisetyenziswayo namhlanje, intsingiselo ephambili yeMid-Autumn Festival ayitshintshanga: ngumbhiyozo wobunye, umbulelo, kunye nethemba. Kwihlabathi apho abantu bahlala bahlukaniswe ngumgama, umsebenzi, okanye iishedyuli ezixakekileyo, lo mnyhadala usikhumbuza ngokubaluleka kokuthomalalisa isantya, ukunxibelelana nabantu obathandayo, kunye nokuxabisa ulonwabo olulula lobomi. Nokuba uhlanganisene etafileni yesidlo sangokuhlwa nosapho, ubuka izibane epakini, okanye uthumela i-mooncake kumhlobo okude, uMnyhadala weMid-Autumn lixesha lokuhlonipha ixesha elidlulileyo, ukuxabisa ixesha langoku, kunye nokulindela ikamva elizaliswe lulonwabo kunye nokudibana kwakhona.
Isiphelo: Umnyhadala Wamaxesha Onke
UMnyhadala oPhakathi noKwindla awukho nje kwiholide—ngumthombo wenkcubeko, bubungqina bamandla ahlala ehleli esithethe, kunye nombhiyozo womnqweno womntu wokunxibelelana. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwawo okuthobekileyo njengesiko lezolimo eTshayina yamandulo ukuya kwimeko yawo njengombhiyozo wehlabathi, lo mnyhadala uye waguquka ngokuhamba kwexesha, kodwa awukaze ulahlekelwe yimilinganiselo yawo ephambili: usapho, umbulelo, kunye nobuhle benyanga.
Njengoko sijonga inyanga epheleleyo ngomhla we-15 wenyanga yesibhozo, asigcini nje ngokubuka umzimba wesibhakabhaka—sijoyina isiko elineminyaka engama-3,000 ubudala, uthotho lweenkumbulo kunye nemibhiyozo esidibanisa nookhokho bethu kunye nomnye nomnye. Sicinga ngoChang'e kunye nekhaya lakhe elilodwa enyangeni, ngoWu Gang nomsebenzi wakhe ongunaphakade, ngabalimi ababulela isivuno esihle, kunye neentsapho ezidibana kwakhona emva kweenyanga zokwahlukana. Ngaloo mzuzu, sonke siyinxalenye yento enkulu kunathi—uluntu lwehlabathi olubotshelelwe ngamabali abiweyo, amasiko abiweyo, kunye namathemba abiweyo.
Ngoko ke kule Mnyhadala waPhakathi noKwindla, thatha umzuzwana uphumle. Yitya i-mooncake, ukhanyise isibane, uze ujonge enyangeni. Thumela iminqweno kumntu omthandayo, okanye uhlale nje uthule kwaye uxabise ubuhle bobusuku. Ngokwenza njalo, awugcini nje ngokubhiyozela umnyhadala—ugcina isiko liphila, esiya kuqhubeka sikhanya, njengenyanga epheleleyo, kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Septemba-30-2025