Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi (SFRC) luhlobo olutsha lwezinto ezidityanisiweyo ezinokugalelwa kwaye zitshizwe ngokongeza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo befayibha yentsimbi emfutshane kwikhonkrithi eqhelekileyo. Iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Iyawoyisa amaphutha okuqina okuncinci, ubude obuncinci kunye nepropathi yokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi. Ineempawu ezintle kakhulu ezifana namandla okuxinana, ukumelana nokugoba, ukumelana nokucheba, ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukumelana nokudinwa kunye nokuqina okuphezulu. Isetyenziswe kubunjineli be-hydraulic, iindlela kunye neebhulorho, ulwakhiwo kunye nezinye iinkalo zobunjineli.

 

一.Uphuhliso lwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi

 

Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha (FRC) sisifinyezo sekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha. Ngokwesiqhelo yi-composite esekelwe kwisamente eyenziwe nge-samente paste, i-mortar okanye ikhonkrithi kunye ne-metal fiber, i-inorganic fiber okanye izinto eziqinisiweyo zefayibha yendalo. Yinto entsha yokwakha eyenziwe ngokusasazeka ngokulinganayo kwefayibha ezimfutshane nezincinci ezinamandla aphezulu okuxinana, ubude obuphezulu kunye nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-alkali kwi-matrix yekhonkrithi. Ifayibha kwikhonkrithi inokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwemingxunya yokuqala kwikhonkrithi kunye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwemingxunya phantsi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle, yoyise ngempumelelo iziphene ezingaphakathi ezifana namandla aphantsi okuxinana, ukuqhekeka okulula kunye nokumelana nokudinwa okuncinci kwekhonkrithi, kwaye iphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kokungangeni kwamanzi, ukungangeni manzi, ukumelana neqabaka kunye nokukhuselwa kokuqina kwekhonkrithi. Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha, ngakumbi ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi, itsale ingqalelo engakumbi kwizangqa zezemfundo nezobunjineli kubunjineli obusebenzayo ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. Ingcali yaseSoviet uB П. Hekpocab yaqala ukusebenzisa ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yesinyithi; Ngo-1907, uHF Porter wapapasha ingxelo yophando kwikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha emfutshane, ebonisa ukuba iifayibha zentsimbi ezimfutshane kufuneka zisasazwe ngokulinganayo kwikhonkrithi ukuze kuqiniswe izixhobo ze-matrix; Ngo-1911, uGraham wase-United States wongeza i-fiber yentsimbi kwikhonkrithi eqhelekileyo ukuphucula amandla kunye nokuzinza kwekhonkrithi; Ngeminyaka yoo-1940, i-United States, iBritane, iFransi, iJamani, iJapan kunye namanye amazwe ayenze uphando oluninzi malunga nokusebenzisa i-fiber yentsimbi ukuphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi, iteknoloji yokuvelisa i-fiber yentsimbi, kunye nokuphucula imo ye-fiber yentsimbi ukuphucula amandla okubopha phakathi kwe-fiber kunye ne-matrix yekhonkrithi; Ngo-1963, uJP romualdi kunye no-GB Batson bapapasha iphepha malunga nendlela yokuphuhlisa ukuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi evalekileyo ye-fiber yentsimbi, kwaye bagqiba kwelokuba amandla okuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ye-fiber yentsimbi amiselwa yisithuba esiphakathi see-fiber zentsimbi edlala indima esebenzayo kuxinzelelo lokuxinana (ithiyori yokwahlulwa kwe-fiber), ngaloo ndlela beqala inqanaba lophuhliso olusebenzayo lwale nto intsha edibeneyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngokusasazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ye-fiber yentsimbi, ngenxa yokusasazwa okwahlukeneyo kwee-fiber kwikhonkrithi, kukho iintlobo ezine ikakhulu: ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ye-fiber yentsimbi, ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ye-hybrid fiber, ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ye-fiber yentsimbi kunye nekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ye-hybrid fiber.

 

二.Indlela yokuqinisa ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi

 

1. Ithiyori ye-composite mechanics. Ithiyori ye-composite mechanics isekelwe kwithiyori ye-continuous fiber composites kwaye idityaniswe neempawu zokusasazwa kwe-steel fibers kwi-concrete. Kule thiyori, i-composites ithathwa njenge-composites ze-phase-and-phase ezine-fiber njenge-phase enye kunye ne-matrix njenge-phase enye.

 

Ithiyori yokwahlulwa kwefayibha. Ithiyori yokwahlulwa kwefayibha, eyaziwa ngokuba yithiyori yokumelana nokuqhekeka, icetywayo ngokusekelwe kwi-linear elastic fracture mechanics. Le thiyori ithi isiphumo sokuqinisa iifayibha sinxulumene kuphela ne-equivalently distribution fibre space (ubuncinane be-space).

 

三.Uhlalutyo malunga nemeko yophuhliso lwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi

 

1.Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi.Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi luhlobo lwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo efanayo kwaye eneenkalo ezininzi eyenziwe ngokongeza inani elincinci lentsimbi ekhabhoni ephantsi, intsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neefayibha ze-FRP kwikhonkrithi eqhelekileyo. Ubungakanani bokuxuba befayibha yentsimbi ngokubanzi yi-1% ~ 2% ngomthamo, ngelixa ifayibha yentsimbi engama-70 ~ 100kg ixutywe kwimitha nganye yekhonkrithi ngobunzima. Ubude befayibha yentsimbi kufuneka bube yi-25 ~ 60mm, ububanzi bube yi-0.25 ~ 1.25mm, kwaye umlinganiselo ongcono wobude ukuya kububanzi bube yi-50 ~ 700. Xa ithelekiswa nekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo, ayinakuphucula kuphela ukuxinana, ukucheba, ukugoba, ukuguguleka kunye nokuqhekeka, kodwa ikwaphucula kakhulu ukuqina kokuqhekeka kunye nokumelana nempembelelo yekhonkrithi, kwaye iphucule kakhulu ukumelana nokudinwa kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo, ngakumbi ukuqina kunokwandiswa ngamaxesha ali-10 ~ 20. Iimpawu zoomatshini zekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi kunye nekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo zithelekiswa eTshayina. Xa umxholo wefayibha yentsimbi uyi-15% ~ 20% kwaye umlinganiselo wesamente yamanzi uyi-0.45, amandla okutsalwa ayanda ngama-50% ~ 70%, amandla okugoba ayanda ngama-120% ~ 180%, amandla okugoba ayanda ngama-10 ~ 20 amaxesha, amandla okudinwa kwempembelelo ayanda ngama-15 ~ 20 amaxesha, ukuqina kwe-flexural kuyanda ngama-14 ~ 20 amaxesha, kwaye ukumelana nokuguguleka nako kuphuculwe kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi ineempawu zomzimba nezikamatshini ezingcono kunekhonkrithi ecacileyo.

2. Ikhonkrithi yefayibha exutyiweyo. Idatha yophando efanelekileyo ibonisa ukuba ifayibha yentsimbi ayikhuthazi kakhulu amandla okuxinwa kwekhonkrithi, okanye ayinciphise; Xa kuthelekiswa nekhonkrithi ecacileyo, kukho izimvo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga (ukwanda nokuncipha) okanye eziphakathi malunga nokungangeni, ukumelana nokuguguleka, impembelelo kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi kunye nokuthintela ukuncitshiswa kwekhonkrithi kwangoko. Ukongeza, ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi ineengxaki ezithile, ezifana nomthamo omkhulu, ixabiso eliphezulu, umhlwa kunye nokungabikho kokumelana nokugqabhuka okubangelwa ngumlilo, okuye kwachaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abanye abaphengululi basekhaya nabangaphandle baqale ukunaka ikhonkrithi yefayibha ye-hybrid (HFRC), bezama ukuxuba iifayibha ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neenzuzo, bafundane, kwaye banike umdlalo "we-hybrid effect" kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba okulayisha ukuphucula iipropati ezahlukeneyo zekhonkrithi, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zayo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini, ingakumbi ukuguquguquka kwayo kokudinwa kunye nomonakalo wokudinwa, umthetho wophuhliso lokuguquguquka kunye neempawu zomonakalo phantsi kwemithwalo engaguqukiyo neguquguqukayo kunye nemithwalo ye-cyclic amplitude engaguqukiyo okanye eguquguqukayo, ubungakanani bokuxuba obufanelekileyo kunye nomlinganiselo wokuxuba wefayibha, ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo, isiphumo sokuqinisa kunye nendlela yokuqinisa, ukusebenza kokulwa nokudinwa, indlela yokusilela kunye netekhnoloji yokwakha, Iingxaki zoyilo lomlinganiselo wokuxuba kufuneka zifundwe ngakumbi.

3. Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi enezitezi.Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha ye-monolithic akulula ukuyixuba ngokulinganayo, ifayibha kulula ukuyixuba, ubungakanani befayibha bukhulu, kwaye iindleko ziphezulu, nto leyo echaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi. Ngokusebenzisa uninzi lweendlela zobunjineli kunye nophando lwethiyori, kucetywa uhlobo olutsha lwesakhiwo sefayibha yentsimbi, ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi (LSFRC). Inani elincinci lefayibha yentsimbi lisasazwa ngokulinganayo kwiindawo eziphezulu nezisezantsi zeslab yendlela, kwaye umbindi usengumaleko wekhonkrithi ocacileyo. Ifayibha yentsimbi kwi-LSFRC ngokubanzi isasazwa ngesandla okanye ngoomatshini. Ifayibha yentsimbi inde, kwaye umlinganiselo wobubanzi bobude ngokubanzi uphakathi kwama-70 ~ 120, obonisa usasazo olunemilinganiselo emibini. Ngaphandle kokuchaphazela iipropati zoomatshini, le nto ayinciphisi kakhulu kuphela ubungakanani befayibha yentsimbi, kodwa ikwathintela isiganeko sokuhlanganiswa kwefayibha ekuxutyweni kwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha. Ukongeza, indawo yomaleko wefayibha yentsimbi kwikhonkrithi inempembelelo enkulu kumandla e-flexural ekhonkrithi. Isiphumo sokuqinisa somaleko wefayibha yentsimbi ezantsi kwekhonkrithi yeyona ilungileyo. Ngokuma komaleko wefayibha yentsimbi unyuka, isiphumo sokuqinisa siyancipha kakhulu. Amandla e-flexural e-LSFRC aphezulu ngaphezu kwama-35% kunalawo ekhonkrithi ecacileyo enomlinganiselo ofanayo womxube, ophantsi kancinci kunalawo ekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yentsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, i-LSFRC inokonga iindleko ezininzi zezinto, kwaye akukho ngxaki yokuxuba okunzima. Ke ngoko, i-LSFRC sisixhobo esitsha esineenzuzo ezilungileyo kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho kunye namathuba okusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, esifanele ukuthandwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ekwakheni iindlela.

 

4.Ikhonkrithi yefayibha exutyiweyo eneeleya.Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha edityanisiweyo yeLayer hybrid (LHFRC) yinto edibeneyo eyenziwe ngokongeza ifayibha ye-polypropylene eyi-0.1% ngokusekelwe kwi-LSFRC kwaye isasaze ngokulinganayo inani elikhulu leefayibha ze-polypropylene ezincinci nezimfutshane ezinamandla aphezulu okutsalwa kunye nobude obuphezulu kwikhonkrithi yefayibha yentsimbi ephezulu nesezantsi kunye nekhonkrithi ecacileyo kumaleko ophakathi. Ingoyisa ubuthathaka bekhonkrithi ecacileyo ye-LSFRC ephakathi kwaye ithintele iingozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko emva kokuba ifayibha yentsimbi yomphezulu igugile. I-LHFRC inokunyusa kakhulu amandla e-flexural ekhonkrithi. Xa ithelekiswa nekhonkrithi ecacileyo, amandla ayo e-flexural ekhonkrithi ecacileyo anyuswa malunga ne-20%, kwaye xa ithelekiswa ne-LSFRC, amandla ayo e-flexural anyuswa nge-2.6%, kodwa ayinampembelelo ingako kwi-flexural elastic modulus yekhonkrithi. I-flexural elastic modulus ye-LHFRC iphezulu nge-1.3% kunekhonkrithi ecacileyo kwaye iphantsi nge-0.3% kune-LSFRC. I-LHFRC ikwanokuphucula kakhulu ukuqina kwekhonkrithi, kwaye isalathisi sayo sokuqina kwekhonkrithi siphindwe kasibhozo kunekhonkrithi ecacileyo kwaye siphindwe ka-1.3 kune-LSFRC. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokusebenza okwahlukileyo kweefayibha ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwi-LHFRC kwikhonkrithi, ngokweemfuno zobunjineli, isiphumo esihle se-hybrid sefayibha yokwenziwa kunye nefayibha yentsimbi kwikhonkrithi sinokusetyenziswa ukuphucula kakhulu ukuqina, ukuqina, ukuqina, amandla okuqhekeka, amandla e-flexural kunye namandla okutsalwa kwezinto, ukuphucula umgangatho wezinto kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezinto.

——Isishwankathelo (i-architecture yeShanxi, Vol. 38, No. 11, Chen Huiqing)